Sea Otter Facts

Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) are an easily recognized and beloved marine mammal. They have furry bodies, whiskered faces, and a propensity to lay on their backs and float on the water, a behavior that humans perceive as evidence of fun-loving.  They are native to the northern coastlines of the Pacific Ocean, from northern Japan to Baja, Mexico. Most critically, they are a keystone species, meaning that their continued existence is required for several other species to survive. Fast Facts: Sea Otters Scientific Name: Enhydra lutrisCommon Name: Sea ottersBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 3.3–4.9 feetWeight: 31–99 poundsLifespan: 10–20 years  Diet:  CarnivoreHabitat: Coastlines of the North Pacific Rim, from northern Japan to the central Baja peninsulaConservation Status: Endangered Description Sea otters are carnivores in the family Mustelidae—a group of animals that also includes terrestrial and semi-aquatic forms such as weasels, badgers, skunks, fishers, minks, and river otters. Sea otters are the only fully aquatic form of otters, but they share features with the others such as thick fur and short ears. This thick fur keeps the animals warm ​but unfortunately has led to over-hunting by humans of many of these mustelid species.   Sea otters are the smallest fully marine mammal in the world: Males range in length between 3.9–4.9 feet, while females range between 3.3–4.6 feet. The average body mass for males is about 88 pounds, with a range of 49–99 pounds; females range from 31–73 pounds.   Temperature balance is a significant challenge for sea otters, who lack the blubber of other marine mammals such as seals and walruses. Otters have a dense fur made up of a combination of undercoat and longer guard hairs that provides insulation, but it must be almost continuously maintained. Fully 10 percent of a sea otters day is spent grooming its fur. However, fur is an inflexible insulation, so, when necessary, sea otters cool off by flapping their nearly-hairless rear flippers. Habitat and Distribution Unlike some marine mammals like whales that would die if they were on land for too long, sea otters can go up onto land to rest, groom, or nurse. However, they do spend most if not all of their lives in the water—Sea otters even give birth in the water. Although there is just one species of sea otter, there are three subspecies: The Russian northern sea otter (Enhyrda lutris lutris), which lives in the Kuril Islands, Kamchatka Peninsula, and Commander Islands off Russia,The northern sea otter (Enhyrda lutris kenyoni), which lives from the Aleutian Islands off Alaska, down to Washington state, andThe southern sea otter (Enhyrda lutris nereis), which lives in southern California. Diet Sea otters eat fish and marine invertebrates like crabs, urchins, sea stars, and abalone, as well as squid and octopuses. Some of these animals have hard shells, which protect them from predators. But that isnt an issue for the talented sea otter, which cracks open the shells by banging them with rocks. To hunt prey, sea otters have been known to dive as deep as 320 feet; however, males mostly forage at depths of around 260 feet and females about 180 feet. Sea otters have a baggy patch of skin under their forelimbs which is used for storage. They can keep extra food in this spot, and also store a favorite rock for cracking the shell of their prey. Jeff Foott / Getty Images Behavior Sea otters are social, and hang out together in groups called rafts. Sea otter rafts are segregated: Groups of between two and 1,000 otters are either all males or females and their young.  Only adult males establish territories, which they patrol during mating season to keep out other adult males. Females rove freely between and among male territories. Mint Images - Frans Lanting / Getty Images Reproduction and Offspring Sea otters reproduce sexually and that only occurs when the females are in estrus. Mating is polygynous—one male breeds with all the females in its breeding territory. The gestation period lasts for six months, and females nearly always give birth to a single live pup, although twinning does occur. Young sea otters have a form of extremely woolly fur that makes an otter pup so buoyant that it cant dive underwater and can float off if not tended carefully. Before a mother otter leaves to forage for her pup, she wraps the pup in a piece of kelp to keep it anchored in one spot. It takes 8–10 weeks for the pup to shed its initial fur and learn to dive and the pup stays with the mother for up to six months after birth. The females enter estrus again within several days to weeks after weaning.   Female sea otters become sexually mature at about 3 or 4 years of age; males do so at 5 or 6 although most males dont establish a territory until they are 7 or 8.  Female otters live 15–20 years and can have pups every year from the first estrus; males live for 10–15 years. Keystone Species Sea otters are a keystone species and play a critical role in the food web of the kelp forest,  so much so that even terrestrial species are influenced by sea otter activity. When sea otter populations are healthy, urchin populations are kept in check, and kelp is abundant. Kelp provides shelter for sea otters and their pups and a variety of other marine organisms. If there is a decline in sea otters due to natural predation or other factors such as an oil spill, urchin populations explode. As a result, kelp abundance decreases  and other marine species have less habitat. Kelp forests absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and a healthy forest can absorb as much as 12 times the amount of CO2 from the atmosphere than if it were subject to sea urchin predation.   When sea otter populations are abundant, bald eagles prey primarily on fish and sea otter pups, but when sea otter populations declined in early the 2000s due to predation by an increased population of orcas, bald eagles preyed more on marine birds and had more offspring because of the higher caloric content of a seabird diet. Threats Because they are dependent on their fur for warmth, sea otters are heavily affected by oil spills. When oil coats a sea otters fur, air cant get through and the sea otter cant clean it out. The infamous  Exxon Valdez  spill killed at least several hundred sea otters and affected the sea otter population in Prince William Sound for well over a decade, according to the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council.   While sea otter populations increased after legal protections were put in place, there have been recent declines in sea otters in the Aleutian Islands (thought to be from orca predation) and a decline or plateau in the populations in California. Other than natural predators, threats to sea otters include pollution, diseases, parasites, entanglement in marine debris, and boat strikes. Conservation Status Sea otters first became protected from the fur trade by the International Fur Seal Treaty in 1911, after the population had decreased to about 2,000 as a result of unrestrained hunting for furs. Since then, sea otter populations have rebounded, but the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists the species as a whole as Endangered. The ECOS Environmental Conservation Online System lists both northern and southern sea otters as threatened. Sea otters in the U.S. today are protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act. Sea Otter Skins. Gulf of Maine Cod Project, NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries / National Archives Sources Anthony, Robert G., et al. Bald Eagles and Sea Otters in the Aleutian Archipelago: Indirect Effects of Trophic Cascades. Ecology 89.10 (2008): 2725–35. PrintDoroff, A. and A. Burdin. Enhydra lutris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T7750A21939518, 2015.  Northern Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni). ECOS Environmental Conservation Online System, 2005.Southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis). ECOS Environmental Conservation Online System, 2016.Tinker, M. T., et al. Otters: Enhydra Lutris and Lontra Felina. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals (Third Edition). Eds. Wà ¼rsig, Bernd, J. G. M. Thewissen and Kit M. Kovacs: Academic Press, 2018. 664–71. Print.Wilmers, Christopher C, et al. Do Trophic Cascades Affect the Storage and Flux of Atmospheric Carbon? An Analysis of Sea Otters and Kelp Forests. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 10.8 (2012): 409–15. Print.

Summary Of Cr�vecoeur - 874 Words

In the 1780’s a French aristocrat by the name of J. Hector St. John de Crà ¨vecoeur wrote a collection of essays defining his stance on colonial American society and Americans themselves. In this excerpt Crà ¨vecoeur gives his definition of the American man and the â€Å"poor European emigrant† (39). He explains how a man thrives in the new country and how the rise up from the lowest class. As a reader reads the essay, they must note the writer himself, his tone, his sentence structure, and how his words connect to the reader. It can be noted the Crà ¨vecoeur is an aristocrat which mean that he is of higher rank. Looking at his wording at the beginning of the text, it can be seen that he places himself higher than the new Americans. Crà ¨vecoeur†¦show more content†¦Instead of needy peasants, he switches his label to people filled with potential. Determination and grit can be seen in the â€Å"poor European emigrant† as he comes into a new country wi th almost nothing except for â€Å"The knowledge of the language, the love of a few kindred as poor as himself† (39, 40-42). It is a sharp contrast to Crà ¨vecoeur’s previous paragraphs as he begins to put the men in a new light. The American is â€Å"either an European or the descendant of an European, hence the strange mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country† (46-49). Perhaps this is an allusion to the men’s roots. The European countries at that time were composed of the world’s greatest empires. If the men came from such countries, they can make a country just like them or better. Americans will be â€Å"melted into a new race whose labors and posterity will one day cause great changes in the world. Americans are the western pilgrims who are carrying along with them that great mass of arts, sciences, vigor, and industry† (59-63). The use of the word â€Å"pilgrim† describes the men as journeyers. The men who have â€Å"arts, sciences, vigor, and industry† are seen as educated and can be describes as entrepreneurs, much different than the people of the lower class. Crà ¨vecoeur’s sentence structure and relevant use of examples help readers better understand his point of view. His vivid diction allows the reader to see things how Crà ¨vecoeur

Essay on Against the Death Penalty - 881 Words

Against the Death Penalty The death penalty is one of the most controversial issues in our time. There are many issues that show and prove the death penalty is wrong and reasons why it should be ceased. Many issues have objections towards the death penalty shows that the death penalty is unfair, irreversible and expensive. The Death penalty is an unfair system used as punishment to criminals that performed wrong and unmoral crimes. The death penalty is unfair in the way that is discriminatory towards color, and race. For example, in the trials of many court cases, a person who kills a white person is treated much more severely then one who kills a black person. Of the 313 criminals that have been executed between 1997 and 1995,†¦show more content†¦Events have happen where during the past century about 4 cases a year, an innocent person who was convicted of murder, was sentenced to death. Of these cases, there were people who have been proven innocent after the person was executed. A good example of this type of situtation happened in 1990 when Jesse Tafero was executed in Florida for murdering a state trooper. His wife, Sonia Jacobs was also sentenced to the death penalty but was later reduced on an appeal to life imprisonment, 11 years later her convictions were vacated by federal court. Ev en though Jesse and Sonias conviction was the same, it was all due to an ex-convict who turned in evidence that help prove the couple was guilty which led one of them to be penalized with death. The ex convict who turned state witness testified against the couple so the ex convict could avoid the death penalty. If he were alive in 1992, he would have been released with his wife. Another example of such cases happened in 1992 when Roger Coleman was executed in Virginia even though another person was suspected as the murder because there was evidence that was never summated to his trial. In court, the jury did not take anyone seriously until late in the appeal process, when they found out he or she was about to kill an innocent man. Even though they tried to delay and stop the execution it was to late. Eventually the case was cleared, and he was later proven innocent. These cases clear proveShow MoreRelatedDeath Penalty : Are You For Or Against The Penalty?1724 Words   |  7 PagesP olanowski Philosophy 1111 21 October 2015 Death Penalty Are you for or against the death penalty? Do you even know what the death penalty is? The Death Penalty is when a person is charged for a crime and receives punishment such as execution, and is put on death row. It has been a back and forth argument over decades on rather or not we should instill the death penalty. A common belief among people is, if someone commits murder, then they need to be put on death row, but if someone commits a crime forRead MoreA Argument Against The Death Penalty1647 Words   |  7 Pagespunishable by death or life imprisonment without the possibility of parole when specific â€Å"Special Circumstances† of the crime have been charged or been proven in court. It is possible though to be released by the parole board after a minimum of 25 years if they feel you are worthy. The death penalty is a topic that the United States is divided on. Currently there are 31 states with the death penalty and California is on that list. In 2012 a ballot was prop osed that would appeal the death penalty as theRead MoreArgumentative Against Death Penalty1546 Words   |  7 Pages5) The death penalty does not deter criminals from committing violent crimes. The death penalty is a form of cruel and unusual punishment that violates citizen’s Eighth Amendment which has forced the Supreme Court to step in and evaluate this form of punishment. The death penalty has not always been practiced in the United States; however, there have been about 13,000 people who have been legally executed since colonial times. In 1972, the Supreme Court effectively nullified the death penaltyRead More Against the Death Penalty Essay731 Words   |  3 Pagesthe death penalty is the worst of them. I am strongly against the death penalty because it violates God’s rules, costs the tax payers too much money, and possibly the â€Å"wrongly accused,† may have to die because of the cruel and unusual punishment of the death penalty. How often do these concepts get into the public’s mind when it hears of our ‘fair, trusty’ government taking away someone’s breathing rights? Do we honestly want people thinking of us as mu rderers? I am against having the death penaltyRead MoreThe Case Against The Death Penalty773 Words   |  4 PagesCase Against the Death Penalty, which shows up in Crime and Criminals: Opposing Viewpoints, Eric Freedman contends that capital punishment does not discourage fierce crime as well as conflicts with decreasing the crime rate. This essay will analyse Freedman s article from the perspectives of a working man, a needy individual, and a government official. Working man: A working man would in all probability agree with Freedman s point of view with association with the monetary part of the death penaltyRead MoreAgainst The Death Penalty Essay959 Words   |  4 PagesAgainst the Death Penalty â€Å"Murder is wrong† (â€Å"Capital Punishment†). We’ve been taught this indisputable truth since childhood. The death penalty is defined as one human taking the life of another. Coincidentally, that is a classification of murder. There are as many as thirty-six states with the death penalty, and it’s essential that they change it. The United States needs the death penalty abolished because it is filled with flaws, cruel and immoral, and is an ineffective means of deterrentRead MoreArgument For And Against The Death Penalty1051 Words   |  5 Pages When arguing for or against a topic, the goal is to convince others to accept you opinion, take your opinion seriously, and you must seek common ground in order to establish some form of compromise. A good communicator must be specific, contestable, significant and reasonable. For this assignment, I will be arguing for and against The Death Penalty. When it comes to a topic such as The Death Penalty, many individuals cannot fathom the idea of putting another human to death because it is not permanentlyRead MoreAgainst the Death Penalty Essay1733 Words   |  7 Pagesnot the death penalty should be used. It continues to be a controversial issue in the world today. Some are for the death penalty, believing that a punishment should fit the crime and it is the only necessary way to reprimand those who have committed a terrible offense. Others believe that the death penalty violates human rights and that it is inhumane, merciless, and cruel. In Kenneth Josts article Death Penalty Controversies, he explains that critics and adversaries of the death penalty are warningRead More Against the Death Penalty Essay1533 Words   |  7 Pages The Death Penalty Human rights are fundamental rights which every human being is entitled to just because they are human. The death penalty is the ultimate, irreversible denial of human rights. It is the cold blooded killing of a human being in the name of ‘justice’. In 1948, the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; in Articles 3 and 5 it states that â€Å"no one shall be subjected to cruel or degrading punishment and everyone has the rightRead MoreAgainst The Death Penalty Essay878 Words   |  4 Pagesoppose the death penalty. Many people can feel very strongly about whether or not they approve of this method of punishment. I feel that the death penalty is wrong, and I believe that there is much support to back this up. I believe that the death penalty is wrong because it is not an effective deterrent, racially and economically bias, unreliable, expensive, and morally wrong of society. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One argument from death penalty supporters is that the death penalty acts as a deterrent

The Effects Of Terrorism Among British Tourists And How It...

The Perspective and Effects of Terrorism among British Tourists and how it affects their Behavior and Decision-Making Background/Literature Review The tourists’ opinion on a destination is affected by the perceived benefits and costs (Sonmez and Graefe 112). One of the costs apart from expenses such as accommodation and transportation is the risk related to terrorism. With increased terrorist attacks around the world, one can assume that the perceived threat of terrorism at a tourist destination, like the one mentioned above, will result in a perception that views it as a costly place to visit. However, the process of making the decision on whether to visit a tourist destination or not depends on a number of important factors. In a†¦show more content†¦She was saying this to express her fear that the media can negatively impact the decision of British tourists, such that they may not want to visit places that have experienced terrorist attacks. While there is research conducted on the factors that affect the perception of British tourists, more research needs to be carried out to find out how their behavior and decision-making is affected. Aims and Objectives This research proposal aims to investigate the perspective and effects of terrorism among British tourists and how it affects their behavior and decision-making. To achieve this aim, five objectives have been created. Aim: To investigate the perspective and effects of terrorism among British tourists and how it affects their behavior and decision-making. Objective 1: To review the relevant literatures on the effects of terrorist attacks on the behavior and decision-making of tourists. Objective 2: To investigate the levels of awareness of terrorism and how it affects British tourists’ behavior and decision-making. Objective 3: To explore the types of terrorist attacks that may affect the behavior and decision-making of British tourists. 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If tourists were not ï ¬â€šocking to taste the thrills of the new EuroDisney, where were they going for their summer vacations in 1992? Ironically enough, an unforeseen combination of transatlantic airfare wars and currency movements resulted in a trip to DisneyworldRead MoreUnit 1 Economic Environment of Business14187 Words   |  57 Pagesenvironment. Therefore as a manger when you think, or take decisions, you cannot neglect the limitations of your environment. Just think for a while and then answer. Don’t you arrive at decisions after examining the possible reactions from the environment in which you are placed ? Say, as a marketing manager, would you not study your market environment before launching a new product ? 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Gilles Helterlin and Nuno Ramalho
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Negotiating Skills Free Essays

Negotiation refers to the process of reaching an agreement that is acceptable to all parties. Thus, it necessarily requires the recognition and analysis of the interests of all parties. Successful negotiation requires careful understanding of the perceptions and interests of each party and the utilization of surefire techniques of negotiation (Management Sciences for Health and United Nations Children’s Fund 1998). We will write a custom essay sample on Negotiating Skills or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is suggested by many that the hardest part in any negotiation occurs before the parties sit down at the negotiation table. This means that a lot of the success in negotiation may be attributed to adequate preparation prior to the actual negotiation process itself (Management Sciences for Health and United Nations Children’s Fund 1998). Preparation to negotiation involves planning and intelligence gathering. One of the important things that a negotiator must learn include the interests and expectations of the parties, the non negotiable and negotiable terms, different negotiation strategies, and possible concessions and other alternatives. Preparing adequately for negotiation would enable the negotiator to anticipate issues and problems and plan strategies in advance, placing him at an advantage (Dolan 2004). Negotiators must act ethically in any given situation. It should be kept in mind that the goal of negotiation is the resolution of conflict and reaching an agreement mutually acceptable to parties. Therefore, both parties must treat each other with respect, transparency and honesty so that the process remains a viable option in case of conflicts of interest (Cohen 2004). Finally, negotiators must know how to act when actions get stalled. There may be no hard and fast rules in such kinds of situations; the ultimate guide to any negotiator lies in the nature of the negotiation process itself, which is a tool for reaching an agreement. Thus, when actions get stalled, parties must exert effort to choose alternative courses of action that could still benefit all stakeholders (Management Sciences for Health and United Nations Children’s Fund 1998). References Cohen, S. P. 2004, â€Å"Negotiation Ethics: A Matter of Common Sense.† The   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Negotiator Magazine [Online], Available at    http://www.negotiatormagazine.com/article217_1.html Dolan, J. P. 2004, ‘Six Steps For Negotiation Preparation,’ Available at Management Sciences for Health and United Nations Children’s Fund. 1998, ‘Negotiation Techniques,’ Available at http://erc.msh.org/quality/ittools/itnegot2.cfm How to cite Negotiating Skills, Essay examples

Understanding Between Organizational Learn â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Understanding Between Organizational Learn? Answer: Introduction ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning System) is business process management software that permits the company to use a system of combined applications to manage the activities of the business related to the technology and human resources. ERP helps the company to combine all the major activities of the business (Beal, 2017). This software is designed to be used by the large businesses, to customize and analyze the data to handle deployment and upgrades. The report talks about the use of the ERP by the RealTech Company. RealTech Company is an information system organization which is specialized in the deployment and the deployment of the new technology and information system. RealTech include different departments such as accounting and finance, marketing and sales, Management, IT, Support and Human resource, Supply Chain Management. The report talks about the implementation of the ERP software application in the RealTech Company (Seethamraju, 2015). The managers of the company are willi ng to replace the whole system with the ERP application. Overview of ERP There are many vendors in the market who are providing the ERP solution or the Cloud-based ERP solutions. According to the requirement of the company the components are integrated and customized ERP system (Issar, Navon, 2016). Below are some of the components that are specialized to handle define business activities of the organization. Human Resource (HR) Human resource module manages the employee information, records related to the performance reviews, skill matrix, job descriptions, and attendance tracking. The organization maintains HR team in the organization for efficient management of the human resources (Armstrong, Taylor, 2014). HR team also plays a vital role in the payroll system which includes management of the salaries, payment reports, travel expenses and reimbursement tracking. ERP software can help the companies in managing the employee training tracking. Marketing and sales Marketing and sales module include the process like sales queries and inquiries analysis, accepting sales orders, tracking pending sales order, drafting sales invoices along with the proper taxation. All the sales transactions are accomplished by sales module of ERP. The marketing module includes generating the awareness about the product (Ganore, 2013). Finance and accounting The inflow and the outflow of the capital are managed and control by the finance module. The finance module includes all the finance related transactions such as balance sheet, expenditure, payment receipts, tax management account ledgers, bank statement, budgeting. ERP helps the company in making the finance module an easy task. With the single click on the finance module, there is an availability of the required finance data that is required for the running business. CRM department helps the company in enhancing the sales performance of the company along with this, CRM helps with better customer services and healthy relationship with the customer as well as with the potential customers. The CRM module helps in managing and tracking the detailed information of the customer. The SCM module manages the flow of the product items from the producer to the end users and from the end users to the customers. Supply chain management of the company involves sales return and replacing process, demand and supply management, transportation, shipping and tracking (Stadtler, 2015). Four types of ERP Application Software There are different types of ERP application software that can be used for the different purposes. Four types of ERP application software are discussed below which shows some of the difference with the other application software. Oracle + NetSuite ORACLE The oracle enterprise resource planning offers a completely innovative and effective solution for the organization for all sizes. Oracle is the one cloud for the entire business that is designed for the management of the accounting, financial, compliance, and tax reporting and risk management. Oracles acquire NetSuite officially; this enhances the reach of NetSuite's cloud ERP solutions for mostly midsize businesses (Oracle+ NetSuite, 2017). This ERP is cheaper than the SAP ERP. Dynamics Microsoft Microsoft Dynamics is a combination that helps the business to make the adaptable business decision with the confidence. This ERP comprises of a group of ERP product which aims at the diverse market segment, ranging from Dynamics GP for SMBs to Dynamics 365 for the finance and operations. This ERP formed for the purpose of the Microsoft business processes. SAP Business one - UNEECOPS SAP business one application is an all-in-one, which is affordable ERP solution. This ERP solution is used by the companies to manage an entire business for the sales along with the CRM and Finance and Accounting. It helps the business streamline processes, speed up profitability growth and act on appropriate statistics. This ERP is used for the business who wants to earn a maximum of the profit. SAP ERP- SAP SAP ERP is designed for the middle organizations as well as the large organizations of all the in sectors. This solution provides support to only four module of the business that includes financial, operations, human resources and corporate services (Magal, Word, 2013). This ERP is more expensive than the Oracle. SAP ERP application software for RealTech SAP ERP is an Enterprise resource planning software which is developed by the German Company SAP SE. SAP consist of various types of the modules such as Financial and accounting, sales and distribution, CRM and SCM. SAP ERP supports business processes in approximately 25 industries with 37 languages along with the 45 localizations. It is beneficial for the company to enhance the competitiveness, flexibility, simplify the business scenario administration (Lorenc, Szkoda, 2015). This ERP brings some functional capabilities for the business that helps the business in the processes. SAP ERP suits the RealTech operations RealTech Company should make the use of the SAP application software that helps the company in the smooth supply chain. The current application that is used by the company includes the application which was developed 10 years ago. These applications include Java and Oracle. The SCM support the other activities of the company such as developing production plans, receiving the equipment into the stores, inventory control, and purchasing, distributing, ordering hardware equipment's from suppliers. The integration of the business is poor that is a reason there is the need of the SAP. SAP ERP is most popular ERP and acts in a different way. SAP is best for the real-time tracking and management of the finance, HR, accounting, sales, SCM. The RealTech Company faces problems with the integration of business functions and these problems can be resolved with the implementation of the SAP ERP in business. Integration of ERP with the RealTech business operations The combination of the SAP ERP with the RealTech business is must for the smooth working. The modern technologies of ERP help to enhance the efficiency of the company (Nwankpa, Roumani, 2014). Integration with Marketing and Sales Marketing and sales are vital processes for the business, a combination of marketing and sales with the ERP help the company in enhancing the profit of the company. It helps in speeding up the manufacturing process with the help of proper planning and scheduling to monitoring the manufacturing process. Integration with Supply Chain Management The supply chain management is one of the most important modules for the RealTech Company. ERP helps in reducing the cost of the support for the end-to-end procurement and logistics processes. The main aim of the supply chain management is to make the product available to the customers (Monczka, Handfield, Giunipero, Patterson, 2015). Integration of the ERP with the supply chain will help the company in enhancing the customer services and makes the product easily available for the customers. Integration with Accounting and Finance The ERP needs to be integrated with the finance and accounting module. The ERP helps in automate and streamline of the finance operations while confirming the regulatory compliance. The finance and accounting module plays a vital role in the organization. The integration of the ERP helps the company to get the details in a single click. Integration with Human Resources The integration of SAP ERP with the HR is beneficial for the RealTech Company. It helps in recruiting, administration, promotion, professional development and onboarding. This ERP helps the companies in managing the real bases tracking of the employees training. This helps the RealTech in managing the HR operations and processes. Conclusion The report throws light on the role of the ERP in the business operations. The report is based on the RealTech Company who requires an ERP system in the business that helps the company for the smooth operation of the company. SAP ERP system can be combined with any other system to perform the smooth working. Though, the implementation of the SAP ERP in the organization is an expensive deal. This is the only reason due to which the small companies don't implement this ERP. The SAP brings the Standardization of business process in organizations. Though this system is a very complex system, some organization might not be able to adjust to the ERP (Kanellou, Spathis, 2013). Hence, there are some of the benefits of the usage of the SAP ERP but along with the advantages, there are some disadvantages also. The RealTech Company should implement SAP that enhances the efficiency of the companys operations. References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014). Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Beal, V., (2017). ERP - enterprise resource planning. Viewed on 20th September 2017, https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/E/ERP.html Ganore. (2013). Basic Modules of ERP System. Viewed on 20th September 2017, https://www.esds.co.in/blog/basic-modules-of-erp-system/#sthash.IxU4daxB.wZCmSoHs.dpbs Issar, G., Navon, L. R. (2016). Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). In Operational Excellence (pp. 33-36). Springer International Publishing. Kanellou, A., Spathis, C. (2013). Accounting benefits and satisfaction in an ERP environment. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 14(3), 209-234. Lorenc, A., Szkoda, M. (2015, May). Customer logistic service in the automotive industry with the use of the SAP ERP system. In Advanced Logistics and Transport (ICALT), 2015 4th International Conference on (pp. 18-23). IEEE. Magal, S. R., Word, J. B. (2013). Business Process Integration with SAP ERP. Epistemy Press LLC. Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R. B., Giunipero, L. C., Patterson, J. L. (2015). Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Nwankpa, J., Roumani, Y. (2014). Understanding the link between organizational learning capability and ERP system usage: An empirical examination. Computers in Human Behavior, 33, 224-234. Oracle+ NetSuite. (2017). The #1 Cloud ERP. Viewed on 20th September 2017, https://www.netsuite.com/portal/home.shtml Seethamraju, R. (2015). Adoption of software as a service (SaaS) enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Information systems frontiers, 17(3), 475-492. Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. In Supply chain management and advanced planning (pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg

A Midsummer Nights Dream Title Significance free essay sample

Dream  depicts the lunacy in love by warping tensions and the dream-like quality of love beneath the eyes of the dreamer to produce rare visions in which to learn from. The title of the play holds tremendous weight, as it depicts the passions of love through dreams, while emphasizing the relationship between the two. Dreams  and love then become intertwined with one another and the similarities begin to become more apparent. Shakespeare brilliantly weaves the lives of the four young lovers and creates disarray within a magical world of fairies and love juice. The characters within the play take hold of the trite and conventional words of love and declare them with the sincerity of true love. However, these words are a mockery of love when Lysander and Demetrius, two of the male characters, reverse their declarations of love from Hermia to Helena. Although the tensions arise most poignantly among the lovers, it is Bottom who emerges from the dream state with the desire to learn from his unconscious moment and the ability to see the mingling of the dream versus reality. Love and dreams both become foggy, unclear, passionate states in which the individuals involved become delusional victims. The title emphasizes the importance of each of the characters dream, and highlights the irrational, impersonal and under valued qualities of love. Lysanders words that the course of true love never did run smooth (I, i, 54) seems to mimic the faulty passions of love within the play. Like dreams, love is foolish, crazy and driven by desires. Shakespeare highlights the absurdity of love by showing the dispensable and interchangeable emotions within the dreams. The male characters claim each love as being the greatest love, yet their shallow and conventional words show the true nature of the men. For instance, just before falling asleep, Lysander says to Hermia, I mean that my heart unto your is knit, / So that but one heart we can make of it (II, ii, 161), then when waking he declares to Helena that he would run through fire [ ] for thy sweet sake (II, ii, 162). Both declarations are common phrases spoken when in love and dreams. Dreams and love have a reoccurring way of mimicking and repeating conventions. Despite the trite words, betrayals and heartache within the dreams, not all of the characters within the play change or learn upon awakening. In fact, some of the characters seem unchanged by their dreams, such as Hermia and Helena, who remain blind to the pain their lovers had bestowed, while Lysander once again directs his affection toward Hermia as though it had never faltered. Then, Demetrius is seemingly changed for the better as though he remained dreaming. Prior to falling asleep, Demetrius seemed concerned only in himself, disregarding the wants of the woman he claimed to love. Rather than letting her marry a man whom she loved in return, he set out to force her to unwillingly marry him. However, when dreaming, Demetrius finds himself under the enchantment of the love juice and in love with Helena. Upon awakening, he remains true to the person he had become in the dream, restoring order in reality by marrying Helena and allowing Lysander and Hermia to be together. In reflecting upon his dream, Demetrius declares, But, my good lord, I wot not by what power But by some power it is my love to Hermia, Melted as the snow, seems to me now As the remembrance of an idle gaud Which in my childhood I did dote upon; And all the faith, the virtue of my heart, The object and the pleasure of mine eye, Is only Helena (IV, i, 173) Moreover, Demetrius dream melts away his passion for Hermia and brings him to a place where he can see his love for Helena. His dream was meant to remind him of the life he should lead. So whether he is truly awake or still remains in his dreams, he is seen as a better man. Nick Bottom is another man who dreams in the enchanted world of fairies and love juice. He is seen to be a pig-headed, self-concerned man who is transformed in the dream world into having the head of a donkey, which symbolizes an ass of a man. Yet although Bottom enters the dream world as an ass that is loved by the beautiful Tatiana, he emerges from it with knowledge and understanding. When he awakes, he states, I have had a most rare vision. I have had a dream, past the wit of a man to say what dream it was. Man is but an ass if he go about to expound this dream. Methought I was there is no man can tell hat. Methought I was and methought I had but man is but a patched fool if he will offer to say what methought I had ( IV, i, 173). Moreover, Bottom sees dreams as rare visions. Perhaps Shakespeare sees dreams as stoically also. He wakens to a better self where his pride, conceited views and disrespect vanish. His dream becomes his art as he vows to have a ballad written of his experience. Dreaming in the play challenges the excepted thoughts, and brings chaos to the reality that love is blind. Both love and dreams should provide visions of truth, yet often fail to do so. Then if love and dreams are so irrevocably linked, should they both then be placed upon a pedestal of expectations? Traditional, common, and overdone, yet passionate, enlightening and wooing, love and dreams fog the mind, entrance the being and set out for a deeper purpose. If you think the relationship between love and dreams is full of nonsense, Shakespeare may insist you take this absurdity as being no more yielding but a dream

The Constitution of the US Issues and Amendments

The constitution of the US is the absolute law of the nation, which acts as a guide to the political culture of the Americans and the law. They are many issues that have been addressed in the constitution of the US, some have been amended a number of times to fit the needs of the society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Constitution of the US : Issues and Amendments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Abortion is a good example of an issue that has been addressed in the constitution; it has also been amended a number of times. Under the constitution, the president has a number of privileges, which will be discussed in this paper. The constitution plays a significant role of creating a balance on most pressing issues and making sure that America remains a democratic state. President’s enumerated powers. In the US, the president has special powers, which have been formalized. The authorities of any presiden t of the US are carefully limited and have been well outlined in the constitution of the US. The president has the power to appoint executives, federal juries, and American ambassadors among other officers of the government. This power is also referred as the enumerated power of a president. Using the enumerated powers, the president of the US can negotiate treaties with other governments and can even recognize ambassadors from other countries. He or she can also veto bills that are passed in the assembly. As such, the enumerated powers are special authorities, which are exercised by a sitting president and are well-outlined in the constitution. Special powers available to the president: The American president has several powers: these powers include those that are granted by the constitution, by the Acts of Congress, and other soft powers given to the President as the leader of the nation. Emergency powers. Emergency powers are categorized into two groups. The two groups of powers are (a) a special power to act during the time of crisis, which is fully based on the president’s decision and (b) the special power to act according to the constitution or formal laws when an emergency has been announced in the nation. Executive powers. In the executive branch, the president has been allowed by the constitution to manage a wide range of national affairs. Therefore, the president issues rules and instructions, which have a certain force although they never require approval by the congress. An excellent example of executive powers of a president in the US is using the veto on a certain bill that the he (president) does not approve.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Inherent powers. In the constitution, there are certain statements that can allow the president to have power. A statement like †¦.the executive power shall be vested in a president†¦ . allows a national leader to practice some form of authority. Regulating immigration, acquiring a territory, and ordering deportation of some individuals are examples of inherent powers by the US president. Is exercise of these powers a positive or negative influence? The president of the US exercises enumerated powers for the good of the citizens and the nation at large. During an emergency, for instance, there is a need to make quick decisions in order to address the situation. However, the congress can take long to make, and implement such decisions and it is, therefore, a positive aspect that the president should make decisions during such critical moments. Does the president have too much power? In the recent times, the citizens of the US (some of them) feel that the president has become too powerful. Some people argue that the president has so much power that the democratic system is under threat. However, this is not entirely true. The powers of any American president are se t by the constitution and, therefore, the president cannot exercise his powers outside what has been allowed by the constitution. The constitution also prevents the president from using his privileges wrongly. This means that the president cannot breach the rights of the constitution and those of the American citizens. The president does not have too much power. Differences between judicial activism and judicial restraint: The judicial activism and judicial restraints are antagonistic; the two terms are quite different from each other (. They are both relevant in the US as they relate to the American judicial system. These two are very significant in checking and controlling the powers of the government; they help check fraudulence. The term judicial activism refers to how the constitution is interpreted in order to campaign for certain values and conditions in a nation. On the other hand, the term judicial restraint refers to the act of limiting the powers of federal judges so that they cannot strike down certain laws in national affairs. In issues of judicial activism, the federal juries are supposed to utilize their powers to correct injustices in the social system only when the other constitutional bodies are in-active. Therefore, the judicial activism plays a significant role in creating and developing social policies on matters of political injustice, civil liberties and public morality. On the other hand, in the judicial restraint, the court allows the congress and state legislatures to continue with their duties, but can hold them back if they are violating the laws and constitution of the US.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Constitution of the US : Issues and Amendments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The judicial restraint and judicial activism are also different in that they have different objectives. The judicial restraint creates a balance in the judicial, executive, and legislative issues while the judicial activism give powers to all arms of the government to overrule certain acts in the constitution. Weakness and strengths of judicial activism. Some of the key benefits of judicial activism are: (a) to promote democracy by following what is only outlined in the constitution, (b) the judicial activism allows judges to stand firm on certain decisions because the constitution obligates them to do so, and lastly, (c) the judicial activism allows courts to supervise and implement laws, which is part of the democracy. The weakness of the activism is that its reliability is questionable and, therefore, it should be analyzed. Weakness and strengths of judicial restraints. One of the benefits of judicial restraints is that it allows judges to exercise their authority; this is a form of democracy. This particular right allows the juries to defend the constitution as much as possible. It also allows federal judges to decline to make a ruling on some of the c ontroversial matters. This, however, is usually considered a violation of the constitution, which is a major weakness of the judicial restraint. The preferred method. The preferred method is judicial activism because it promotes democracy and allows the judges to make and implement decisions as well as standing firm on their rulings. History of abortion law and its current status in America. Abortion is very common in the society, and it is estimated that almost half the population of American women have at one time terminated a pregnancy voluntarily. History about abortion reveals that during the 1800s, abortion was legal in the US, but towards the end of the 19th century, the abortion act was amended and abortion was criminalized by the constitution. The constitution banned all forms abortions after the fourth month of pregnancy. Regardless, the number of illegal abortions was relatively high but when the Comstock law was implemented, the number of illegal abortions declined at an alarming rate. During this period, some feminists (including Susan Antony) were strongly against abortion and their work helped in the war against abortion. In the year 1965, the US banned all forms of abortion but this ban varied from one to state to another. Even though, abortion was only allowed under specific conditions which include (a) to save the mother’s life, (b) in case the pregnancy was as a result of rape, (c) if the fetus had some complications or abnormalities like deformity.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the year 1973, the Supreme Court said that all the laws on abortion were unconstitutional and it, therefore, allowed abortion within the first three months. Some celebrated this ruling while others including the Catholic Church opposed it. This led to wars and bombing of clinics that exercised abortion. Today, the conflict about abortion revolves around over termination of fetus at the late stages of pregnancy. Supporters argue that such an abortion is good because it saves the mother’s life. On the other hand, opponents argue that in a majority of the abortions, the fetus can be saved and people only abort as an excuse that the health of the mother is at risk. Presently, abortion is legal in more than fifty states in the US. The issue of mother’s health, which allows the mother to abort even at the late stages of a pregnancy, is a broad one, and it does not have a single answer. As a result, there is no particular reason why a mother cannot abort. Do you agree with the present status of abortion law? The issue of abortion has brought controversy in the US today. Abortion has become a critical issue in the society with many abortions been done every day. I feel that some people abort voluntarily although they argue that the health of the mother is at risk. This continues to victimize innocent and vulnerable fetus, and the law does not protect them. Therefore, there is a need define and to develop new laws regarding abortion. I do not agree with the current law on abortion. Conclusion The president of the US has some form of special powers, which allow him to make important decisions during critical moments. The special powers of a president are granted by the constitution, by the Acts of Congress, and other soft powers. Such decisions are applicable during times of emergency. The term judicial activism refers to how the constitution is interpreted in order to advocate for certain values and conditions (in the US) while judicial restraint refer s to the act of limiting the power of federal judges so that they cannot strike down certain laws, which are outlined by the constitution. The major benefit of these two is that they promote democracy in the US. The issue of abortion has been (and still is) a burning issue in the society today. Presently, in more than fifty states abortion is allowed by the constitution. There is a need to develop laws regarding abortion to avoid the controversy surrounding this topic. This essay on The Constitution of the US : Issues and Amendments was written and submitted by user KinseyWalden to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Michelangelo Was One Of The Greatest Artists Of All Time. He Excelled

Michelangelo was one of the greatest artists of all time. He excelled in architecture, sculpture, painting, poetry, and engineering. He was a true Renaissance man who lived a long emotional life. In painting The Last Judgment, Michelangelo was able to incorporate all that he had learned about the human body. He was able to show the way the body moved, as well as it's displays of unrestrained passion, overwhelming grief, or endless torment. This is what makes The Last Judgment such a unique and exceptional work of art. In the spring of 1534, Michelangelo received a commission from Clement VII to paint The Last Judgment on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel. He was also commissioned at this time to paint a Fall of the Angels on the entrance wall, but this second work was never executed. He had painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel some twenty eight years prior, but the style of his The Last Judgment would greatly differ from that of the ceiling. Before Michelangelo could begin, there were many preparations to be made. A scaffold had to be built and the wall had to be prepared. Five paintings by Perugino and Michelangelo had to be removed. Two windows had to be walled up and Michelangelo ordered it to be inclined forward by about half an ell toward the top, hoping in this fashion to protect his work against the accumulation of dust. (Brandes 388) Sebastiano del Piombo had persuaded the pope that the painting would look best in oil, and the wall was therefore prepared to receive oil pigments. This delayed the beginning of the work, since Michelangelo declared oil-painting to be an effeminate art and insisted on painting al fresco, as he had done with the ceiling. The wall had to be done over and Michelangelo never spoke to Sebastiano, who had once been a student of Michelangelo. (Brandes 389) There were many previous depictions of the Last Judgment which influenced Michelangelo's plan for the painting. Such other works include Giotto's painting on the wall of the Camposanto in Pisa, Giovanni Pisano's sculpture on the pulpit of the San Andrea in Pistoia, and Fra Angelica's and Signorelli's frescoes in Orvieto. Finally, there is the reverse side of a medallion his old teacher Bertoldo had made for Archbishop Filipo de' Medici. (Brandes 385) Michelangelo began the giant painting sometime during April and May of 1536. He worked rigorously on the project until he fell from the scaffolding a few months prior to the completion of the painting and seriously hurt his leg. Following his recovery, Michelangelo returned to work on The Last Judgment. It was completed in October of 1541 and unveiled on Christmas Day two months later. (Symonds 328) Many were appalled to see the great amount of nudity which filled the painting. They did not feel that it was appropriate for such holy people to be depicted without clothes on. Michelangelo felt that it was the body which ascends to Heaven, not the clothes. Unfortunately, Michelangelo's masterpiece only remained intact for fourteen years, at which point artists were commissioned to paint clothes on the most beautiful nudes. (Brandes 392-394) The central figure of The Last Judgment is of course, Christ. However, the Christ which appears in Michelangelo's The Last Judgment, is not the typical loving, and sympathetic Christ depicted throughout the Renaissance. The fresco is dominated by Christ as the medieval judge of the world--a giant whose might right arm is lifted in a gesture of damnation so broad and universal as to suggest he will destroy all creation, Heaven and earth alike. (Croix, Tansey, and Kirkpatrick 665) Michelangelo followed the tradition of others in having Christ at the top, with his hand raised, brighter than the rest of the angels and demons. Christ seems to have a harsh and cold expression which furthers Michelangelo's depiction of Christ as the Judge. Standing closest to Jesus on the right is St. John. He is the young man who forms the counterpart to the Madonna, but he is completely in awe of Christ, while the Madonna seems to droop in some sort of dismay. She does not look toward Christ, nor toward anyone else. The large man to the right, holding the key to heaven

Free Essays on The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls

â€Å"The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls† Romanticism supports the idea that feeling and intuition are more valuable than reason. This belief opposed all the main ideas of the thoughts that ruled the literary world for years before. Between 1800 and 1860, Romanticism’s concepts were well shown through the works of authors and poets such as Hawthorne, Poe, and Longfellow. â€Å"The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls† by Longfellow is a worthy model of Romanticism through its emphasis on nature. Because the poem set on a beach, Longfellow describes the setting as â€Å"...sea-sands damp and brown...† and â€Å"...the little waves, with their soft, white hands.† The repetition of the tide is also an important part of his description. With the contemplation of nature’s beauty as a path to spiritual and moral development, being one of the Romanticists’ beliefs, Longfellow’s traveler leaves Earth and seeks a new life. In â€Å"The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls,† Longfellow places faith in inner experience and the power of imagination. When Longfellow describes how the setting of the beach causes him to feel he is describing his inner experiences. He also describes each detail of the traveler’s surroundings. While focusing on the feelings and thoughts he has takes in from the restless beach, Longfellow describes what he feels while in this setting. Lastly, this poem reflects on its romantic beliefs when it shows Longfellow’s quest for some higher truth in the natural world. Longfellow uses the repetitiveness of the tide rising and falling again to show the way life comes and goes but will always be moving. By saying â€Å"The day returns, but nevermore returns the traveler to the shore,† Longfellow alludes to his belief that all life does not end after death. He also describes the beach’s tides as inescapable, just as some people feel towards death. In conclusion, the poem, â€Å"The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls,† deals with Rom... Free Essays on The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls Free Essays on The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls â€Å"The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls† Romanticism supports the idea that feeling and intuition are more valuable than reason. This belief opposed all the main ideas of the thoughts that ruled the literary world for years before. Between 1800 and 1860, Romanticism’s concepts were well shown through the works of authors and poets such as Hawthorne, Poe, and Longfellow. â€Å"The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls† by Longfellow is a worthy model of Romanticism through its emphasis on nature. Because the poem set on a beach, Longfellow describes the setting as â€Å"...sea-sands damp and brown...† and â€Å"...the little waves, with their soft, white hands.† The repetition of the tide is also an important part of his description. With the contemplation of nature’s beauty as a path to spiritual and moral development, being one of the Romanticists’ beliefs, Longfellow’s traveler leaves Earth and seeks a new life. In â€Å"The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls,† Longfellow places faith in inner experience and the power of imagination. When Longfellow describes how the setting of the beach causes him to feel he is describing his inner experiences. He also describes each detail of the traveler’s surroundings. While focusing on the feelings and thoughts he has takes in from the restless beach, Longfellow describes what he feels while in this setting. Lastly, this poem reflects on its romantic beliefs when it shows Longfellow’s quest for some higher truth in the natural world. Longfellow uses the repetitiveness of the tide rising and falling again to show the way life comes and goes but will always be moving. By saying â€Å"The day returns, but nevermore returns the traveler to the shore,† Longfellow alludes to his belief that all life does not end after death. He also describes the beach’s tides as inescapable, just as some people feel towards death. In conclusion, the poem, â€Å"The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls,† deals with Rom...

One Thousand White Women essays

One Thousand White Women essays Democracy is the oldest and greatest types of government all around the world. The simple definition of Democracy is a form of government in which the power is vested in all the people. The word Democracy is of Greek origin and is actually made up of two different words: demos which means people, and kratos which means power. When issues arose, the tribe would meet, discuss the situation, and come up with a positive solution. With these antics, and they way they handled themselves, they were much more civilized than the white man. Each tribe had its chief and counselors, where the chief was required to give good order and keep the peace. Almost all of the tribes practiced democratic principles with all adults have the equal opportunity to speak on issues and to vote in important situations. Though most of the chiefs had prestige, few had dictatorial powers. Some chiefs inherited their positions, others were elected. Then there were the few chiefs that ruled outright. They held their positions because of past experience and great success in situations from war to diplomacy. Little Wolf, the chief of the Cheyenne people in One Thousand White Women, was a strong, quiet leader whos leadership was recognized, and word was honored by the tribe. He and his family were well respected and had many relationships in the Cheyenne tribe. Little Wolf even held private meetings with other leaders such as President Grant, the chief of the Sioux, and the chiefs of other Southern Cheyenne tribes. Little Wolf used this access to such honored people to always look out for the good wellbeing of his people. Little Wolf also held meetings, which they called powwows, with other leaders of his tribe to discuss important issues. Only the highest ranking men in the tribe would be able to attend the powwows. During these meetings each man would get his equal turn to speak his opinion on the matter. They would ...

The Meanings and Variations of Sister

The Meanings and Variations of Sister The Meanings and Variations of Sister The Meanings and Variations of Sister By Mark Nichol Sister, from the Old English word sweoster and cognate with the Latin term soror, means not only â€Å"a female with one or more parents in common† but has also come, by extension, to refer to a woman with whom one has a bond or a common interest. It also applies to national or racial commonality, as in the term â€Å"soul sister,† which in American English describes a black female. In addition, it can refer loosely to a female relative or a girl or woman with whom one has an affinity, including among feminists; it is also slang for referring to a female in general. In religious contexts, it denotes a female member of a religious order. Because nuns often served as nurses, in British English, sister is still synonymous with nurse. Sis is an informal abbreviation, often used in direct address by a sibling, as is sissy, though this term acquired the pejorative connotation of an effeminate man. The quality of being a sister, literally or figuratively, is sisterhood; the term also applies to a society of sisters, such as a religious community of women. Sister-german is a technical legal term pertaining to the default definition of sister- â€Å"a woman or girl who has both of the same parents as a given person,† as opposed to a half sister, who shares only one parent, or a stepsister, the daughter of a stepparent. (The term german, from the Latin word germanus, means â€Å"having the same parents† and is unrelated to the proper noun referring to a person from Germany.) A blood sister is literally a sister by birth or figuratively someone with whom one shares a bond of loyalty; this term, inspired by â€Å"blood brother,† alludes to the ceremonial exchange of blood between two men, often by mingling blood at the point of a slight self-inflicted wound. â€Å"Big sister† refers to one’s older female sibling or to a woman who mentors a girl to whom she is not related. Phrases that include the word include â€Å"sister act,† a term from vaudeville describing a variety act consisting of two or more sisters, and â€Å"sob sister,† slang for an advice columnist or a writer of sentimental stories supposed to appeal primarily to women, alluding to the emotional reaction expected of female readers when reading such material. â€Å"Weak sister† is an allusion to the supposed inferiority of women that refers to an ineffectual, unreliable, or weak person in a group. Meanwhile, a sister language is one in the same language family, such as Spanish as compared to Portuguese and vice versa, while a sister city is a municipality that has established a cultural-exchange connection with a city in another country. In construction, to sister is to strengthen a structural element by attaching a similar component to it. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Spelling Test 150 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)One "L" or Two?

Lean management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Lean management - Assignment Example The method, which was employed during this work, was designed for the lean management introduction process for improvement initiative across the organization along with the effective organizational strategies. The report also utilized varied methods of collecting data including the sample surveys, use of questionnaires, interviews and the focused group discussions. The report offered an analysis on the way these methods were utilized for gathering adequate information about the topic under study. The report results were given and this included the outcomes of the research that was done through using varied data collection methods. The researcher packed up the report results with varied sources in order to enable the reader to understand the need for lean management in an organization. The conclusion also was given and this included a brief summary of what was discussed in the report. Lastly, the recommendations were given, which revealed some significant measures that should be taken in order to achieve successful organizational performance when employing lean management approach. A Business Report Introduction Lean management and organizational learning have become the fundamental driving forces for successful business in the contemporary society; thus contributing to a competitive advantage in an organization. The main objective of employing lean management is to maximize customer value while minimizing resources.... It also appears that lean management has only remained the popular strategy in many organizations; hence, it is applied at all strategies of production and management levels across the organizations. Thus, the report evaluates and offer recommendations on the feasibility and implications of applying lean management as a vital approach for improvement initiative across the organizational level. Report Purpose/Objectives The report aims to explore and examine the significant of the implementation of lean management from the perspective of organizational learning. The report attempts to find out the significant role of lean management approach for specific process improvement initiative across the organization. The report employs effective methods of analyzing the literature materials in order to determine the way lean approach percolates into a wider operation circles to enable businesses to achieve a competitive advantage. The report evaluates and offers effective recommendations on t he feasibility and implications of applying lean management as a vital approach for improvement initiative across the organizational level. Methods The method, which was employed during this work, was designed for the lean management introduction process improvement initiative across the organization, along with the effective organizational strategies. The information used in this report was collected by consulting an independent review from scholarly, journals and academic management reports. The information was also collected through contacting the individual companies for additional information about lean approach for specific process improvement initiative across the organization. Further research methods including use of questionnaires, interviews, focused group discussions and

Creating Your Own Start-up Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Creating Your Own Start-up Business - Assignment Example In the very beginning the business would be limited to importing homemade ups namely bed covers, curtains, pillow covers, quilts, towels and the like. The market for such goods in the United States is not only large but rather diverse because consumers from all buying strata are present in the market. Moreover the market’s large size means that imported textile products have a low chance of getting stuck up in warehouses because there are not enough right kinds of buyers (Arthur and Sheffrin). Another advantage in starting such a business could be local contacts in the South East Asian region who could supervise the manufacturing and supply efforts. 2. Business Structure Preferably the business would have a centralized buying office in the United States close to a major port which would help in dealing with incoming supplies and custom clearance for imported goods. Moreover the business would possess overseas buying offices in the South East Asian region typically located in I ndia, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Pakistan (Haider). Given the restriction of funds initially the business would have only one overseas office in India to supervise the manufacturing and supply efforts. Within the United States the business would have a CEO supervising local distribution along with a small staffing. The overseas offices would have no more than two employees to oversee the entire manufacturing to ensure quality and to report delays in a timely fashion. 3. Relevance of Skill Set and Background Being a business major background would help me to focus on business areas that matter most for example I would prefer to spend money initially on surveys and questionnaires to determine market demand rather than importing blindly. Also my credentials with finance would allow me to keep a close watch over the budget to see if the business might overrun its estimated targets. Such an effort is all the more critical initially because squandering money in the beginning would be easy and would leave the business high and dry. Similarly my background in business studies would allow me to market my products more effectively as I would try to hit target market segments only instead of trying to subdue the entire market. Another major advantage that would allow me to develop this business more effectively is a contact in India who is already involved in shipping textile goods to the United States. My contact in India would be able to help me with his expertise in supervising manufacturing one on one and would also be able to ensure quality at the very first step in the supply chain. 4. Offered Services As mentioned before the business would initially offer homemade up textiles only but later as the business expands it will include garments and apparel as well. For the initial homemade ups market the business would provide a large variety of designs and styles that have been manufactured and packaged outside the United States. When the goods have been imported to the United States they will be distributed throughout the nation by the business using a complete supply chain mechanism that ensures adequate stock levels at all times. Overall the business would be offering a comprehensive supply chain mechanism for textile goods (Joshi). 5. Target Markets In order to start the business the market segments that would be most desirable to deal with are the lower and middle spending tier segments. Though there is rampant competition in either market segment but the

UNODC and organized crimes Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

UNODC and organized crimes - Coursework Example In Afghanistan, the Taliban had a share of about US$ 155 million; drug traffickers obtained a share of about US$2.2 billion while farmers got around US$440 million (UNODC, 2011). The report also claims that the cultivation of poppy in Afghanistan surpasses the global demand leading to vast quantity of stocks. â€Å"Over the past decade, Afghanistan has risen to prominence as the primary global source of illicit opium poppy cultivation† (Wyler, 2012). Despite the fact that Afghan heroin is only trafficked to Islamic nations of Iran, Pakistan and central Asia, it eventually finds its ways to the rest of the world. Approximately 150 tons of Afghan heroin was smuggled into Europe, 120 tons to Asia and 45 tons to Africa in 2009. The fight against illicit drug trade has been an ongoing war. In 2009, law enforcement agencies seized about 76 tons of heroin around the world (UNODC, 2011). This report finding exposes vulnerable areas that should be given more attention. For instance, implementing strict border regulations and controls in places such as the Afghanistan-Pakistan border at Baluchistan province would help greatly in intercepting massive trafficking of heroin, opium as well as precursor chemicals. Another way through which the flow of opiates from Afghanistan could be reduced is through increasing monitoring and search capability so that transit containers at harbors, airports and other transit points can be put under intensive check. This is likely to improve the rate of interdiction. According to the UNODC report, building capacity and ensuring efficient information sharing between transit points and law enforcement agencies in major countries and areas of opiates destination would be crucial in rounding up the trade of illicit drugs. The cultivation of poppy in Afghanistan is strongly correlated with insecurity in the country. The report findings point out that Afghan opium poppy is mainly

Financial Accounting Analysis term projuct Paper

Financial Accounting Analysis projuct - Term Paper Example The findings are presented in a tabular format supported by comprehensive discussion of results. The horizontal analysis of Balance Sheet does not show any worrying trends or majorly fluctuating balances from 2011 to 2012. Inventories remain at the same level and while there is 12.84% increase in Property and Equipment it is offset by the 16.78% decrease in the Cash and Cash equivalents. Other large changes include an increase in Goodwill, decrease in Long term loan which is offset by an increase in the current portion of the Long term loan. The horizontal analysis of the balance sheet is set out below: The horizontal analysis of the Income Statement also does not show any worrying trends from 2011 to 2012. The Sales have increased by 1.8% but that is due to a corresponding increase in the Cost of Sales which has increased by 2.14%. The net earnings have increased by 3.3%, this is due to the fact that other income has increased and the financial costs have decreased during the period. The horizontal analysis of the income statement is set out below: The vertical analysis of the income statement for the years 2011 and 2012 set out below shows all balances as a percentage of sales. As illustrated the cost of sales and other expenses have both increased as a percentage of sales, even though minutely. This is worrying because ordinarily the cost of sale should be kept in line with sales. Conversely the net income is 2.09% of sales in 2012 and 2.03% in 2011. There is a slight increase, which all in all is a positive sign for the entity (Rajasekaran, 2011). Looking at the trends in the past five years’ financial statements of the company, it can be seen that the net sales have been increasing steadily for the past four years. The increase in sales for this year has been less than those compared to previous years, 1.6% from over 3%. The cost of

Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Scholarship - Essay Example My mother was a nurse and the sole earning member in our family when one day she finally had an abnormal growth on her spine because of which she was disabled. These hardships have worked towards strengthening my aims in life as I have learned a lot through experiences. My aim in life is to become a civil engineer so I can make a difference in the society. Experiences can either be bad or good and we should learn from these experiences. It is through many experiences that I have undergone in my life, I was able to understand the importance of education in life. My interest in the field of civil engineering developed through these experiences. When I was in my school I learnt about a terrible incident in which many people were killed because of the fault committed by an engineer. On that day I made up my mind that I had to become a civil engineer. Civil engineering has been my goal since I was studying in school and I think that I can bring a difference in this world with the right skills and ability. I believe that I have a talent which I can apply to my field and bring good in the society. It has been my goal to achieve expertise in the field of civil engineering and I have devoted much of my time researching on different topics about civil engineering. I have worked hard in my life to achieve knowledge and I believe that I will work harder in the future to gain relevant knowledge and expertise. I want to pursue a degree in the field of civil engineering and that is why I have chosen the best institute for civil engineering. I see myself in a career of civil engineering in the next ten years through which I can make a difference in the society. I believe that with this career I can also get over my financial disturbances and can have a better future. Gaining knowledge will be my most important aim when studying civil engineering. I always believe that one is never too old for studying and hence I would devote all my life to the field of education. If I

BBC The Next Five Years Essay Example for Free

BBC The Next Five Years Essay Introduction The purpose of this study is to investigate the information strategy of the BBC. Having reviewed the various modes of enquiry, we have decided that the unbounded mode is the most appropriate in this instance. Using this, we have investigated the BBCs’[1] IS strategy, examining the external factors that may have an affect upon its planning and design. In addition we have reviewed other issues pertinent to the BBC to determine the possible negative of these might have on the strategy. Finally we have looked at the next five years to evaluate the relevance that significant advances over that period might have on the BBC IS strategy. Enquiry system   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In compiling this report we need first to decide what method we are going to plan our research upon. There are five basic enquiry modes ranging from the simple to the complex and innovative. Enquiry Modes 1) Inductive-Consensual   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the words suggest this mode of enquiry relies upon one reaching a single conclusion by using a restricted range of interpretations, for example from previous researches into the subject matter. The result is influenced by the general consent of these opinions. For example if one asked the question â€Å"Is public service broadcasting superior to commercial,† and this was only put to BBC employees, the consensus is likely to answer affirmatively. 2) Analytic-deductive   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This mode approaches the problem or enquiry from a different aspect. In this case the problem is broken down into its component parts. Each one of these parts is then analysed and tested for logic. Once this process is complete a formula is used to build the results from the analysis of those parts into a single solution that addresses the problem. 3) Dialectic   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the more complex of the enquiry modes, the dialectic mode is based upon conflict or different viewpoints. It does not question the data, simply the views that are expressed about it, working on the basis that by discussion of the variance a logical conclusion will be reached. A relevant argument for this mode would be the discussion about whether the BBC should be allowed to sell advertising space in the same way that the commercial media does. 4) Multiple reality   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Multiple reality recognizes that people will approach problems from a predetermined viewpoint, based upon their own experience and training. For example an Accountant will look at the commissioning of a new revolutionary BBC sit-com from a different angle of the program planner. This process therefore relies upon the problem being addressed from a number of viewpoints, which will essentially come up with a range of conclusions. 5) Unbounded systems thinking   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This modes works on the basis that, in any given situation, all modes of enquiry are automatically brought to bear, and therefore cannot be separated. Thus, when addressing a problem every viewpoint and conclusion needs to be taken into account. Similarities and differences   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All of the modes described above have similarities. All five rely upon the fact that there is a situation to be addressed in the first place. Additionally the point of the exploration, review and analysis of this problem, for all of the modes is to a) gain knowledge and b) reach a conclusion based on that knowledge, or a solution to the hypothesis or problem posed. Modes 1 and 2 above are similar to the extent that they both have a singular approach to the subject matter, relying upon one viewpoint (or consensus) being the input and the result.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With modes 3 and 4 the similarities are that both look for a range of viewpoints from which to approach a subject and neither attempt or profess to reach a singular conclusion, preferring instead to provide multiple conclusions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mode 5, in theory, displays the most similarity to all of the others. This is simply because it works on the premises that, in the real world, none of the enquiry systems and modes described can operate independently.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Equally there are some major differentials between these systems. The key difference is in their approach to a given situation. Mode one differs from the others in that it relies upon a consensus of opinion from a limited range of sources and seeks a single conclusion. Mode two differs from three to five for the same reason, but it also differs from one in the it analyses the component parts of the problem, rather than relying solely on interpretation. Mode three and four differ from each other in that they treat the conclusion in a different manner, three allowing differing conclusions to be presented, and four, seeking argument between different conclusions. Mode fives similarity is also its difference to the others, namely that it does not limit itself to a particular enquiry mode, instead using all formats. Strengths and weaknesses   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inherent in all enquiry modes are strengths and weaknesses, which need to be recognised. Inductive-Consensual. The strengths of this mode rest in the fact that it is focused in one direction, making it simple to use and relatively quick to apply to a given problem. Its weaknesses lie in the limitation of approach and its reliance upon consensus of opinion. There is no attempt to check the validity of core data. Using the BBC example used in the mode description, there is no guarantee that the consensus of agreement is based on a genuine or, because they are employees of the BBC, biased and inaccurate opinion. Analytic-deductive. In this instance the strength comes from the fact that the component parts have been analysed before arriving at a conclusion. It bases that conclusion on logic. Its weakness comes from the fact that, like mode 1, it relies heavily upon a single source of operator to address the problem or situation. Both modes 1 and two have a strength that is also a weakness. This relates to the fact that both seek to arrive at a single conclusion. This is strength when given a task that asks for a definitive solution and the receiver does not want to input into this, but a weakness when asked for an opinion or range of solution.   Dialectic. The major strength in this mode is that it does allow for differing viewpoints to address a situation, thus relating itself more closely with a real world scenario. Similarly, the fact that it does result in a range of conclusions, and allow these to compete against each other to reach a conclusion is good when seeking a final unified approach. It means that all the options have an opportunity to be considered and discussed. The argumentative aspect can be strength insofar as such an approach can often lead to a tempering of divergent views. Weakness may Multiple reality. Like Dialectic, the multiple approaches have the strength of numerous viewpoints. In this case though, it presents all of the options. This allows the receiver to consider the options from their own particular viewpoint, before they make the final decision. Unbounded systems. The strength of this system is in its unlimited approach to a subject. Using this method ensures that it covers all possible aspects, resulting in a wide range of probable solutions. Its weakness rests in the fact that it is cumbersome and, if used as a tool for a conclusive result, could not facilitate this. In addition it would be a time consuming project. For the purpose of this study we will be using the multiple reality mode. Information Systems strategy – External environment Socio-political   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The BBC is a public service broadcasting organisation. Because of this there are more socio-political factors that impact upon the corporation and its operations than with most other businesses.   From a social point of view one has to look at both society as a whole as well as individual groups. Such groups can consist of ethnic, class and disabled minorities. All of these groups expect to receive equality of service from the corporation. This means that the corporation needs to ensure that it represents each group within all of its programme output. For example, it needs to ensure that within the public face of its broadcasting such minorities are adequately represented, be that in a factual or fictional environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the political front the BBC also has to deal with a number of factions. In line with other businesses it has to pay heed to governments and judicial legislation, although the difference that exists with the BBC is that has a closer link in that it is a public corporation. Similarly, like other media, regulatory bodies overview its product and output. However, in addition to these, the BBC has two additional political factors to deal with. These are the Royal Charter, which has recently been reviewed (2006) and the BBC Trust.    Technological   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Trust is one of the key issues, which dictates the rate at which new technology is taken up. Often the speed at which technology develops is the one thing that makes trust difficult to achieve. No sooner has a user familiarised themselves with one system than this is rendered obsolete by a new one. Davis (2002) in his paper written for the Joint Information Services Committee posed the question that many users were asking. â€Å"How sure can one be that the outcome of an interaction is what it purports to be?† As it operates within the business medium, the BBC has greater access to technology than other organisations. It is an integral part of their broadcasting environment. This includes such areas as Broadband, digital and interactive technology. Internally it uses similar modern technology to other media businesses, in terms of computers, network systems in addition to the TV and radio broadcasting technology. The latter includes such things as cameras, film equipment and outside broadcast vehicles. However, as Paul Cheesbrough, BBC head of technology for production and technology direction, admitted in his interview with Miya Knights (2004), their internal systems do need updating in a number of areas, where he says, â€Å"Internally, our processes for producing and authoring content have been the same for many years and are still very physical. Its a very distributed set-up with lots of physically-based processes in between.† The internal technology of an organisation is important (Glasson 1996) Economic – Geographical   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The BBC, unlike the commercial broadcasting media, does not receive money from other businesses in terms of advertising revenue, nor much in the way of sponsorship. It is funded in the main by a system of revenue from the television and radio licence, together with the annual financial support that it receives from the British government. Despite the wish, within some factions of the corporation to change this situation, so far this has been rejected. The only other of funding available to the BBC is the commercial sales it makes of its programmes to other broadcasting media throughout the world, including joint ventures, and sales of its products through other medium, such as books and publications, CDs and DVDs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From a geographical point of view, the BBC is predominately a British based broadcaster, although it does have a world service for radio, originally set up with the intention of providing a link for armed forces overseas. Historically it has concentrated upon this limited geographical area through which to develop and market its products. However, it does produce programmes relating to and based upon many areas of the world. Nowadays it is also making use of the Internet through which to extend its audience. To add to its home-based productions, the BBC also buys programmes from other media throughout the world. Impact on IS strategy planning and design â€Å"The social, legal, political, ethical, and ecological issues facing business have never been more complex or more difficult to comprehend,† wrote Stephen Wartick (1997). This statement is particularly applicable to the BBC.   The factors mentioned previously form an intrinsic element of its Information Services at the planning and design stage. From a social point of view the BBC is required to cater for all sectors of society. The means that part of its strategy has to be geared towards minority groups. In addition it has historically been seen as a provider of learning, necessitating part of its information system strategy to be used in that direction. Political issues also impact upon its planning and design because, as a result of the need to divert resources to other areas set within its charter, this means that there are fewer resources available to pursue avenues that it might otherwise wish to develop. There have been instances in the past where the political forces have tried to introduce a modicum of pressure onto the corporation and, knowing this is a possibility, must impact on the corporation strategy. The area where the BBC does appear to both holding its own, and in some respects, making significant advances, is in technology. Whilst internally there are areas that need addressing, from an external and production standpoint the organisation is keeping up to date. Here it has encompassed the changes that have occurred since the Information era began in the 1970’s, using modern technology to maintain its reputation as possibly the best broadcaster in the industry. The planning and designing stages are very important. As Paul Cheeseburgh (2004) observed â€Å"The term digital islands means a lot in our industry, but theres no point in moving from analogue to digital processes if those islands are disconnected.† Nevetherless they have made some of their processes more cost competitive as a result of technology, with the use of digital technology being an example of this. Economics probably has the greatest impact on the businesses IS strategies and their planning. Because its funding is subjected to restrictions than other broadcasters, this means that some of the innovative ideas that the BBC might wish to develop may not be possible due to financial restrictions. Similarly, it has a finite budget from which to take advantage of technology advances in the way that it would like to. Geographical issues have an impact on the IS strategy. Being a media corporation means that they have to plan for communication access sometimes to even the remotest parts of the world, and have a variety of climates to contend with. In the equatorial countries for instance, the corporation has had to make use of refrigerated broadcast vehicles. Impacts on IS strategy Risk Categorization Scales   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As has been widely publicised, Information systems and Technology attract risks and these manifest themselves in a number of ways. In all areas of life and business, there is the risk of sabotage (Stewart 2000) Technology for instance, suffers from hacking, virus and other dangers instigated from outside sources. Then there are the mechanical and accidental risks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Knowing that these events are likely to happen even in the best protected of systems, it is vitally important that this eventuality is recognised and addressed at an early stage. Kim Andersen (2005) in his book on the subject, shows â€Å"how getting things right† helps the information system. This is particularly relevant in a broadcasting organisation such as the BBC. At all stages of the development of an IS and IT strategy plan a consequence analysis should be carried out, this is relevant at each subsequent change as well. Within this process one needs to identify where the possibility of risks lies, what type of risks could attach themselves to the area in question and what the effect of those risks might be. Figure 1 (see appendices) gives an example of a consequence matrix. Effect/probability/Action Grid   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Having analysed the areas of risks and the types of risks that could occur, one then has to categorise and evaluate the risk. This means that one needs to first work out what the effects of that risk will be. Will it be in favour of the organisations and its IS and IT, or will it be fatal. Or will it be somewhere between the two. The next step it to ascertain the probability factor. What is the likelihood of the risk occurring, negligible or certainly? Armed with this information one can then work out what action to take in terms of prevention, assuming that the risk is not to the businesses advantage. Figure 2 (see appendices) shows a simple grid detail the possible results of this analysis. Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability (CIA)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Following on from the previous analysis, the organisation needs to work out what impact this potential risk will have on the business. This can be categorised in three ways. Firstly there is confidentiality and privacy. The BBC IS and IT systems contain a lot of sensitive data, both from an internal and external point of view, such as staff and financial details. It could be embarrassing and costly if this information were to be obtained illegally, in addition to the fact that it could see the organization facing legal action for breach of confidentiality. This area will impact on the information system, (Mwangama 2006)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second impact of risk could be to the integrity of accuracy of the data. If information is tampered with or altered in any way this would have serious consequences for the business.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The third area of impact is when the data or system is corrupted of deleted. In this case the system or database would be unable to operate and, in an extreme case the contents and data non-recoverable. Potential Negative Impacts 1) Technical   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From a technical viewpoint the negative impact of the consequences of risk will attach to the strategy planning and design. For example the BBC would need to ensure that, by the introduction of new and more versatile systems and upgrades, this does not increase the risks. If this appears likely then the direction of the strategy will need to be reappraised. Similarly, if by installing new software the system becomes less secure in terms of the data access, the necessity and cost benefit of new software should be evaluated. This may result in technology and information system upgrades being delayed until such time as the security of the hardware can be guaranteed to be as risk proof as possible. 2) Non-Technical   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The organisation also needs to look at the negative issues that the consequence of risk may raise in relation to human and business processing issues. Employees and others involved with the Corporation have a right to expect personal information to be maintained in a confidential and secure manner. The shoulders of the organisation that has the information, to keep it secure. In addition to this is the damage of such a risk to the business processes. It is not only losing of the programmes, which would prove costly enough, it is also the potential of lost data, which in some areas could be irreplaceable. Ethical Issues   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Added to all of the above are the ethical issues surrounding risk. The BBC, like all organisations that keep sensitive and personal data, is subject to both the data protection ACT and their own professional code of conduct and ethics. These include a duty to not harm those for whom you are responsible for and to respect their right to privacy, which includes ensuring that any personal information that they give to you are kept safe. Thus it cannot be passed to a third party, either by the organisation itself or by the intervention of an outside party. Even if that third party is committing an illegal act it does not absolve the corporation from liability. In the modern legal environment, if such an event occurs, the possibility of legal action being taken the organisation is very likely. The code of conduct for the BBC also states that it sees part of its duty being to respect and honour human rights. This extends to ensuring that the technology that is installed within its systems offers the same rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition to the rights of the individual whose rights have been violated there is the impact that such a breech will have on the corporations’ own reputation. According to a newspaper report written by Owen Gibson (2005) the BBC recently revised their code of ethics to take account of some of these issues. The Next Five Years   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strategic planning for the future of information systems is important. (Ward Peppard 2002) A business needs a â€Å"clear vision of where it is trying to go.† (Andersen 2004) and to produce the correct strategy the BBC needs to know what events will impact on the strategy. External changes In terms of the future, the next five years are likely to produce changes of significance in terms of IS and IT in a number of areas, in hard and software (Mark Haggerty 2006).   The advances in wireless technology are one area where these advances are proving to be particularly rapid. This development will allow both television and computers to become really possible, with consumers able to carry the receivers in pockets. They will then be in a position of being able to view at any time and in any place. Wireless technology development will also have an impact on broadcasting in that it will allow ease of access for people involved in news reporting, such as with the BBC. Using these systems, particularly in their news department, the corporation will be able to achieve instant news reporting from almost anywhere in the world. In addition the reports will be able to be accessed and reported on air in real time, in other words as it happens. Continued development in satellite technology will also improve the ability of the BBC to achieve its strategy of moving closer towards a more â€Å"on-demand† consumer environment. Video conferencing is set to be one of the main growth areas in technology over the next five years. (Laura Hailstone 2006). This technology is already being used and implemented by a growing number of businesses. In addition to the business use, this technology is set to move into the private sector, allow for projects such as games shows to be conducted with participants not having to move from their home. With increasing computer technology being incorporated within television sets, the opportunities are available for television presenters to be able to interact directly with the consumer. There will be continued developments in the field of interactive media. The continuing improvements in this area will eliminate the need for there to be two or three machines in a household in order to give the consumer flexibility and choice. Within the next five years the facility of recording direct from the TV should improve substantially, allowing additional onset recording facilities, improving upon what systems such as sky offer already. Interaction will also affect the BBC’s learning facilities leading to closer interaction between teacher and learner, (G. Conole et al 2000). B. Davies (2002) also showed how modern and future information system developments are impacting on users in the education arena. An area of significant relevance to the BBC is the continued development of compact storage systems, such as the MP3. From an internal point of view this will mean less space utilised for storage of produced material, therefore reducing the corporations costs in the area of storage. With the increase in globalisation, business systems will also witness significant innovation over the next five years. Such programmes as the multi-national, multi-lingual supply chain software could be implemented within the BBC, providing it with more accuracy and accessibility in terms of its global operations, allow it to work more closely with the stakeholders who supply the corporation and ensure that the quality of the product is maintained. Internal changes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The BBC will see changes in a number of areas of IS and IT. It is expected that within the next five years media broadcasters will need to keep updating their technology and systems to meet the increasing demands from the public in the way in which programmes are presented. Digital development is something that the BBC sees as having a significant effect over their programming abilities over the next five years. From the point of view of the production side of their programmes, a test run on one programme has shown that it produces a significant cost reduction. More developments of this nature are planned. Development of the digital technology for the end user is also seen as a means of being able to extend the ability of the viewer to have more control over the way in which they organise their personal viewing or listening schedules. The corporation is planning to use this to restructure the way in which it produces programmes and extend the range of interaction with the consumer. Further developments on the World Wide Web are also being looked at. This will provide the BBC with the ability to make its services available in a number of new ways, including providing a service where programs can be downloaded and watched for a limited period, thereby avoiding the possibility of this being stored and affecting others possible sales of the programmes. As part of this development they are working with all of the major software organisations in the development of products, which will open new opportunities in terms of programming. The BBC sees, what its Director-General Mark Thompson (2005) â€Å"On Demand† television as the way forward in technology. In addition to this the BBC are also developing ways in which their programmes can be transmitted for screening on a range of portable devices. From an in house perspective the BBC sees that IT developments over the next five years will enable it to integrate all of its in house operations, linking together internal systems that previously have been disconnected. Internally there will also be changes in terms of office systems and other related technology usages. Microsoft’s chief technology officer, in his interview with Chris Nuttall (1999) stated that â€Å"every five years there is a revolution in the computer industry.† Therefore it is necessary that organisations like the BBC have a strategy prepared for it. Evidence Research shows that all of the changes outlined are evidenced. Tafazolli, Rahim (2006) comments â€Å"that the days of the totally wireless technology are close and that soon consumers will be able to access the media wherever they are.† Future Tech (2006), have noted that one organisation is already well advanced on a system of voice recognition for the purpose of media viewing, amongst other applications. The article also reveals that MIT are developing the computer glasses, which will make operation of computers and televisions much less tiresome, allowing the consumer to operate TV and Computer without using hands. The article also reveals that hardware companies are working to make the computer less visible. This means that, instead of the current box on the desk, they may be incorporated in the TV or portable devices, which can be, located and operated from anywhere. The BBC launched â€Å"Creative Future Project†. Part of the remit for this project is to continue to monitor the advances in new technology with a view to using the technology as part of its development strategy for the future. The project, and the BBC’s IT department are working with a number of the largest software houses, such as Microsoft and Apple, to development programmes and systems which can assist in the development of broadcasting. Energy consideration is already an area that the BBC is aware of. 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